上海市公共体育设施建设效应评价研究          下载免费PDF全文

李陈 《体育科研》2019,(2):21-32

上海市公共体育设施建设的主要矛盾是市民日益增长的多元化体育需求和公共体育设施建设不平衡、不充分发展之间的矛盾。作为迈向卓越的全球城市，上海正为向市民提供多元化需求的公共体育设施而努力。本文根据“30分钟体育生活圈”的要求，对上海市公共体育设施建设效应进行研判，得出：（1）上海市公共体育设施布局呈现等级性，空间上呈现“中心-外围”特征，形成了“市-区-街道”三级空间尺度的公共体育设施空间布局。（2）上海市公共体育设施空间布局与人口密度分布呈正相关关系。健身点密度、市民球场、市民健身房、市民健身步道与人口密度分布呈现较强的正相关关系；农民健身工程与人口密度分布呈现较强的负相关关系。（3）上海市公共体育设施密度区域差异显著。公共体育设施建设正处于数量增加向质量提升的过渡阶段，正建设与卓越的全球城市和社会主义国际化大都市相匹配的公共体育设施与配套服务。（4）上海市公共体育设施建设总体评价较好，但存在难以满足多元化需求等问题。调查显示，居民对上海市公共体育设施建设的总体评价较好，满意度评价较高，但未满足个性化、多元化需求，在软件环境建设上仍有很大提升空间。  相似文献   

外尔半金属中的手征涡旋效应     

吉轩廷  朱振刚 《中国科学院大学学报》2019,36(5):598-604

实验表明，外尔半金属中不仅存在手征反常，也存在引力反常。引力反常会导致手征涡旋效应。因此，在外尔半金属中研究手征涡旋效应是必要的。作为石墨烯的三维类似物，外尔半金属也有可能出现强耦合。基于此，通过规范/引力对偶的方法研究强耦合下外尔半金属中的手征涡旋效应。在只考虑引力反常引起的手征涡旋效应的情形下，得到如下结论：1）手征涡旋效应可以由引力反常引起，在具有手征费米子的外尔半金属中存在，且与耦合强度成正比；2）手征涡旋效应与温度平方成正比。  相似文献   

Combined effects of exposure to hypoxia and cool on walking economy and muscle oxygenation profiles at tibialis anterior     

Masahiro Horiuchi  Yoko Handa-Kirihara  Daijiro Abe  Yoshiyuki Fukuoka 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(14):1638-1647

We investigated combined effects of ambient temperature (23°C or 13°C) and fraction of inspired oxygen (21%O₂ or 13%O₂) on energy cost of walking (C_w: J·kg^?1·km^?1) and economical speed (ES). Eighteen healthy young adults (11 males, seven females) walked at seven speeds from 0.67 to 1.67 m s^?1 (four min per stage). Environmental conditions were set; thermoneutral (N: 23°C) with normoxia (N: 21%O₂) = NN; 23°C (N) with hypoxia (H: 13%O₂) = NH; cool (C: 13°C) with 21%O₂ (N) = CN, and 13°C (C) with 13%O₂ (H) = CH. Muscle deoxygenation (HHb) and tissue O₂ saturation (StO₂) were measured at tibialis anterior. We found a significantly slower ES in NH (1.289 ± 0.091 m s^?1) and CH (1.275 ± 0.099 m s^?1) than in NN (1.334 ± 0.112 m s^?1) and CN (1.332 ± 0.104 m s^?1). Changes in HHb and StO₂ were related to the ES. These results suggested that the combined effects (exposure to hypoxia and cool) is nearly equal to exposure to hypoxia and cool individually. Specifically, acute moderate hypoxia slowed the ES by approx. 4%, but acute cool environment did not affect the ES. Further, HHb and StO₂ may partly account for an individual ES.  相似文献   

政务B站号信息传播效果影响因素与实证研究     

陈强  张杨一  马晓悦  曾润喜 《图书情报工作》2020,64(22):126-134

[目的/意义] 作为政府与青年群体沟通的重要平台，政务Bilibili账号的信息传播效果直接决定其沟通效率和效果。对政务Bilibili账号信息传播效果影响因素的研究有利于沟通效果的提升。[方法/过程] 本研究基于共青团中央Bilibili账号的471个样本，采用内容分析和回归分析等系统考察内容主题、视频类别、封面图类型、屏幕形式、字幕、组织形式、剪辑率和视频时长等因素对政务Bilibili账号信息传播效果的影响。[结果/结论] 结果表明，科技类、音乐类和时尚类主题的视频能够提升整体传播效果，科技类视频的贡献度最高；情景剧、实拍视频和监控视频都正向显著影响整体传播效果，实拍视频的贡献度最高。视频剪辑率、竖屏视频、字幕添加、合作创作等均能显著提高整体传播效果，竖屏在整体传播效果模型中的贡献度最大。视频时长和封面图的作用不显著。政务Bilibili账号运营应充分释放青年的爱国势能、创新视频形式、优化视频制作流程、创新组织形式。  相似文献   

Did London 2012 deliver a sports participation legacy?     

《Sport Management Review》2019,22(2):276-287

Despite the increasing academic interest in the analysis of the Olympic legacy, there is a relative knowledge gap as far as sports participation legacy is concerned. The authors bridge this gap by analysing the short-term sports participation legacy of the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games on the adult population in England. By using data from the Active People Survey and considering different sports participation variables and the effect of the economic climate, results demonstrate a positive association with participation from hosting the Games. Participation rates were adjusted to take into account seasonality and changes in the gross domestic product (GDP), accounting in this way for the effect of the recent economic recession. The biggest effect was observed in relation to frequent participation (at least three times per week for at least 30 min) in the year immediately after the Games. In 2014, the sports participation rates fell relative to 2013 but remained higher than pre-Olympic levels. The sport participation legacy of the Olympic Games appeared to have significant differences between socio-demographic groups.  相似文献   

Transmission of vibration from a vibrating plate to the head of standing people     

Naser Nawayseh 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2019,18(5):482-500

Little is known about the transmission of vibration to the head when using whole-body vibration (WBV) training machines. This paper investigates the effect of frequency and posture on the transmission of vibration from a vibrating plate to the head of standing people. Nine male participants were exposed to vertical vibration at nine frequencies in the range of 17–46 Hz and vibration acceleration in the range of 7.85–18.64 m/s² (peak). The participants adopted four standing postures described as standing with locked knee (LK), bent knee (BK), one leg (OL), and one foot to the front and the other to the back (FB). The transmissibility to the head differed among postures (t-test, p < 0.05) and was greatest with the FB posture and smallest with the BK posture. The transmissibility to the head decreased with increasing the frequency (t-test, p < 0.05) but the extent of the decrease depended on the adopted posture. This frequency-posture interaction effect on the transmissibility should be considered when designing a training program. The data will be useful for developing standards/protocols that govern the use of WBV machines as well as for building human body models that can predict potential risks arising from using WBV machines.  相似文献   

大学生群体极化现象的社会心理学分析     

赵石强 《哈尔滨学院学报》2014,35(9):136-139

群体极化现象是指群体成员一开始具有某种偏向,在经过讨论后群体朝偏向的方向继续移动,直至形成极端的结果。大学生是一个特殊的群体,他们朝气蓬勃、富于激情,看重个人名誉,充满正义感,具备较强的集体观念,组织性纪律性强。大学生的这些特征也使得这一群体在事实上更加容易发生极端化的情况。防治大学生群体极化要从重视传统,加强极端化后果教育,注重观点和意见的多样性与平衡,融入协商民主理念等多个方面共同着手。  相似文献   

Until when does the effect of age on academic achievement persist? Evidence from Korean data     

《Economics of Education Review》2014

According to an analysis of Korean student panel survey data, monthly differences in age had a significant influence on academic achievement until middle school (lower secondary education). However, this age effect did not persist when students graduated from high school (upper secondary education). Furthermore, some evidence is found that younger students, upon entering high school, were more likely to concentrate on academic studies, and less likely to experience minor distractions, thereby compensating for their poor academic achievement in middle school.  相似文献   

Tennis superstars: The relationship between star status and demand for tickets     

《Sport Management Review》2020,23(2):330-347

Akin to other sports, professional tennis is urged to adopt a consumer-centred strategy and understand the influence of the star status of elite players on demand for its core product. Measuring the impact that tennis players have on demand for match attendance remains a key element towards achieving that goal. Using data from the Australian Open ticket sales, the authors demonstrate how individual players have influenced stadium attendance at the Grand Slam. Findings indicate that some players are associated with a strong positive impact on demand for tickets, above and beyond their performance ratings, reflecting their value to the Australian Open. The authors discuss how this star status can be used to inform business decisions related to tournament management, match scheduling, and determining player appearance fees, to ultimately drive better commercial outcomes and deliver a world-class sporting event. The findings have implications for tournament organisers, player managers and those that market player activities.  相似文献   

运动处方的过去、现在与未来          下载免费PDF全文

朱为模 《体育科研》2020,(1):1-18

运动作为防治疾病的一味"药",正迅速被越来越多的医生所认可,并走进了大众的日常生活。运动既然是"药",就不该是"多多益善",而应该是"量体裁衣"、个性化定制,也因此需要处方。文章旨在回顾运动处方过去和现在的发展与对未来发展需求的猜测,对这个方兴未艾的领域增进了解,并进行系统介绍。追溯运动处方的研究和发展历史,大致可以分为4个时期3个阶段,从认识到运动对健康的重要性到运动成为防病治病的良药以及运动处方的发展走过了近70年的历程。国外大量科学的研究(尤其是追踪研究)和数据是支持运动处方不断前进的基石。从运动处方科学发展中所学到的智慧将会对中国传统运动处方的建设、中国大众的健康促进作出积极贡献。  相似文献